操作码

TRON 虚拟机（TVM）的操作码与以太坊虚拟机（EVM）兼容，并额外包含了一些 TRON 网络的特有操作码。请参阅下表获取各操作码的详细信息。

操作码	名称	能量	初始栈 (Initial Stack)	结果栈 (Resulting Stack)	内存 / 存储	注释
`0x00`	STOP	0				停止执行
`0x01`	ADD	3	`a, b`	`a + b`		(u)int256 的模 2**256 加法
`0x02`	MUL	5	`a, b`	`a * b`		(u)int256 的模 2**256 乘法
`0x03`	SUB	3	`a, b`	`a - b`		(u)int256 的模 2**256 减法
`0x04`	DIV	5	`a, b`	`a // b`		uint256 除法
`0x05`	SDIV	5	`a, b`	`a // b`		int256 除法
`0x06`	MOD	5	`a, b`	`a % b`		uint256 取模
`0x07`	SMOD	5	`a, b`	`a % b`		int256 取模
`0x08`	ADDMOD	8	`a, b, N`	`(a + b) % N`		(u)int256 模 N 加法
`0x09`	MULMOD	8	`a, b, N`	`(a * b) % N`		(u)int256 模 N
`0x0A`	EXP	A1	`a, b`	`a ** b`		uint256 exponentiation modulo 2**256
`0x0B`	SIGNEXTEND	5	`b, x`	`SIGNEXTEND(x, b)`		sign extend 将 `x` 从 `(b+1)` 字节符号扩展至 32 字节
`0x0C`-`0x0F`	invalid
`0x10`	LT	3	`a, b`	a < b		uint256 less-than
`0x11`	GT	3	`a, b`	a > b		uint256 greater-than
`0x12`	SLT	3	`a, b`	a < b		int256 less-than
`0x13`	SGT	3	`a, b`	a > b		int256 greater-than
`0x14`	EQ	3	`a, b`	a == b		(u)int256 equality
`0x15`	ISZERO	3	`a`	a == 0		(u)int256 iszero
`0x16`	AND	3	`a, b`	a && b		bitwise AND
`0x17`	OR	3	`a, b`	`a`		`b`
`0x18`	XOR	3	`a, b`	a ^ b		bitwise XOR
`0x19`	NOT	3	`a`	~a		bitwise NOT
`0x1A`	BYTE	3	`i, x`	(x >> (248 - i * 8)) && 0xFF		ith byte of (u)int256 x, from the left (i start from 0)
`0x1B`	SHL	3	`shift, val`	val << shift
`0x1C`	SHR	3	shift, val	val >> shift		逻辑移动
`0x1D`	SAR	3	shift, val	val >> shift		左移arithmetic shift right
`0x20`	SHA3	A2	ost, len	keccak256(mem[ost:ost+len-1])		keccak256
`0x21`-`0x2F`	invalid
`0x30`	ADDRESS	2	.	address(this)		address of executing contract
`0x31`	BALANCE	20	`addr`	`addr.balance`		balance, in sun
`0x32`	ORIGIN	2	.	tx.origin		address that originated the tx
`0x33`	CALLER	2	.	`msg.sender`		address of msg sender
`0x34`	CALLVALUE	2	.	`msg.value`		msg value, in sun
`0x35`	CALLDATALOAD	3	`idx`	`msg.data[idx:idx+32]`		read word from msg data at indexidx
`0x36`	CALLDATASIZE	2	.	`len(msg.data)`		length of msg data, in bytes
`0x37`	CALLDATACOPY	A3	`dstOst, ost, len`	.	mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := msg.data[ost:ost+len-1]	copy msg data
`0x38`	CODESIZE	2	.	`len(this.code)`		length of executing contract's code, in bytes
`0x39`	CODECOPY	A3	`dstOst, ost, len`	.		mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := this.code[ost:ost+len-1]
`0x3A`	GASPRICE	2	.	`tx.gasprice`		gas price of tx
`0x3B`	EXTCODESIZE	20	`addr`	`len(addr.code)`		size of code at addr, in bytes
`0x3C`	EXTCODECOPY	A4	addr, dstOst, ost, len	.	mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := addr.code[ost:ost+len-1]	copy code from `addr`
`0x3D`	RETURNDATASIZE	2	.	`size`		size of returned data from last external call, in bytes
`0x3E`	RETURNDATACOPY	A3	dstOst, ost, len	.	mem[dstOst:dstOst+len-1] := returndata[ost:ost+len-1]	copy returned data from last external call
`0x3F`	EXTCODEHASH	400	addr	hash		hash = addr.exists ? keccak256(addr.code) : 0
`0x40`	BLOCKHASH	20	blockNum	blockHash(blockNum)
`0x41`	COINBASE	2	.	block.coinbase		address of proposer of current block
`0x42`	TIMESTAMP	2	.	block.timestamp		timestamp of current block
`0x43`	NUMBER	2	.	block.number		number of current block
`0x44`	DIFFICULTY	2	.	0		block’s difficulty,
`0x45`	GASLIMIT	2	.	block.gaslimit		gas limit of current block
`0x46`	CHAINID	2	.	chain_id		push current chain id onto stack
`0x47`	SELFBALANCE	5	.	address(this).balance		balance of executing contract, in sun
`0x48`	BASEFEE	2	.	block.basefee		base fee of current block
`0x50`	POP	2	.	.		remove item from top of stack and discard it
`0x51`	MLOAD	A5	ost	mem[ost:ost+32]		read word from memory at offsetost
`0x52`	MSTORE	A5	ost, val	.	mem[ost:ost+32] := val	write a word to memory
`0x53`	MSTORE8	A6	ost, val	.	mem[ost] := val && 0xFF	write a single byte to memory
`0x54`	SLOAD	50	key	storage[key]		read word from storage
`0x55`	SSTORE	A7	key, val	.	storage[key] := val	write word to storage
`0x56`	JUMP	8	dst	.		$pc := dstmark thatpcis only assigned ifdstis a valid jumpdest
`0x57`	JUMPI	10	dst, condition	.		$pc := condition ? dst : $pc + 1
`0x58`	PC	2	.	$pc		program counter
`0x59`	MSIZE	2	.	len(mem)		size of memory in current execution context, in bytes
`0x5A`	GAS	2	.	gasRemaining		the amount of available gas
`0x5B`	JUMPDEST	1				$pc := $pc + 1
`0x5F`	PUSH0	2	.	uint8		push the constant value 0 onto stack
`0x60`	PUSH1	3	.	uint8		push 1-byte value onto stack
`0x61`	PUSH2	3	.	uint16		push 2-byte value onto stack
`0x62`	PUSH3	3	.	uint24		push 3-byte value onto stack
`0x63`	PUSH4	3	.	uint32		push 4-byte value onto stack
`0x64`	PUSH5	3	.	uint40		push 5-byte value onto stack
`0x65`	PUSH6	3	.	uint48		push 6-byte value onto stack
`0x66`	PUSH7	3	.	uint56		push 7-byte value onto stack
`0x67`	PUSH8	3	.	uint64		push 8-byte value onto stack
`0x68`	PUSH9	3	.	uint72		push 9-byte value onto stack
`0x69`	PUSH10	3	.	uint80		push 10-byte value onto stack
`0x6A`	PUSH11	3	.	uint88		push 11-byte value onto stack
`0x6B`	PUSH12	3	.	uint96		push 12-byte value onto stack
`0x6C`	PUSH13	3	.	uint104		push 13-byte value onto stack
`0x6D`	PUSH14	3	.	uint112		push 14-byte value onto stack
`0x6E`	PUSH15	3	.	uint120		push 15-byte value onto stack
`0x6F`	PUSH16	3	.	uint128		push 16-byte value onto stack
`0x70`	PUSH17	3	.	uint136		push 17-byte value onto stack
`0x71`	PUSH18	3	.	uint144		push 18-byte value onto stack
`0x72`	PUSH19	3	.	uint152		push 19-byte value onto stack
`0x73`	PUSH20	3	.	uint160		push 20-byte value onto stack
`0x74`	PUSH21	3	.	uint168		push 21-byte value onto stack
`0x75`	PUSH22	3	.	uint176		push 22-byte value onto stack
`0x76`	PUSH23	3	.	uint184		push 23-byte value onto stack
`0x77`	PUSH24	3	.	uint192		push 24-byte value onto stack
`0x78`	PUSH25	3	.	uint200		push 25-byte value onto stack
`0x79`	PUSH26	3	.	uint208		push 26-byte value onto stack
`0x7A`	PUSH27	3	.	uint216		push 27-byte value onto stack
`0x7B`	PUSH28	3	.	uint224		push 28-byte value onto stack
`0x7C`	PUSH29	3	.	uint232		push 29-byte value onto stack
`0x7D`	PUSH30	3	.	uint240		push 30-byte value onto stack
`0x7E`	PUSH31	3	.	uint248		push 31-byte value onto stack
`0x7F`	PUSH32	3	.	uint256		push 32-byte value onto stack
`0x80`	DUP1	3	a	a, a		clone 1st value on stack
`0x81`	DUP2	3	_, a	a, _, a		clone 2nd value on stack
`0x82`	DUP3	3	_, _, a	a, _, _, a		clone 3rd value on stack
`0x83`	DUP4	3	_, _, _, a	a, _, _, _, a		clone 4th value on stack
`0x84`	DUP5	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 5th value on stack
`0x85`	DUP6	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 6th value on stack
`0x86`	DUP7	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 7th value on stack
`0x87`	DUP8	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 8th value on stack
`0x88`	DUP9	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 9th value on stack
`0x89`	DUP10	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 10th value on stack
`0x8A`	DUP11	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 11th value on stack
`0x8B`	DUP12	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 12th value on stack
`0x8C`	DUP13	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 13th value on stack
`0x8D`	DUP14	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 14th value on stack
`0x8E`	DUP15	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 15th value on stack
`0x8F`	DUP16	3	..., a	a, ..., a		clone 16th value on stack
`0x90`	SWAP1	3	a, b	b, a		swap the 1st item from the stack with the top
`0x91`	SWAP2	3	a, _, b	b, _, a		swap the 2nd item from the stack with the top
`0x92`	SWAP3	3	a, _, _, b	b, _, _, a		swap the 3rd item from the stack with the top
`0x93`	SWAP4	3	a, _, _, _, b	b, _, _, _, a		swap the 4th item from the stack with the top
`0x94`	SWAP5	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 5th item from the stack with the top
`0x95`	SWAP6	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 6th item from the stack with the top
`0x96`	SWAP7	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 7th item from the stack with the top
`0x97`	SWAP8	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 8th item from the stack with the top
`0x98`	SWAP9	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 9th item from the stack with the top
`0x99`	SWAP10	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 10th item from the stack with the top
`0x9A`	SWAP11	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 11th item from the stack with the top
`0x9B`	SWAP12	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 12th item from the stack with the top
`0x9C`	SWAP13	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 13th item from the stack with the top
`0x9D`	SWAP14	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 14th item from the stack with the top
`0x9E`	SWAP15	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 15th item from the stack with the top
`0x9F`	SWAP16	3	a, ..., b	b, ..., a		swap the 16th item from the stack with the top
`0xA0`	LOG0	A8	ost, len	.		LOG0(memory[ost:ost+len-1])
`0xA1`	LOG1	A8	ost, len, topic0	.		LOG1(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0)
`0xA2`	LOG2	A8	ost, len, topic0, topic1	.		LOG2(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0, topic1)
`0xA3`	`LOG3`	A8	ost, len, topic0, topic1, topic2	.		LOG3(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0, topic1, topic2)
`0xA4`	`LOG4`	A8	ost, len, topic0, topic1, topic2, topic3	.		LOG4(memory[ost:ost+len-1], topic0, topic1, topic2, topic3)
`0xD0`	`CALLTOKEN`	A9	`callEnergy`, `addr`, val, tokenId, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen	success	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] := returndata	call the addr with val and argument.
`0xD1`	`TOKENBALANCE`	20	`tokenId`, `address`	balance		balance of address on tokenId trc10 token
`0xD2`	`CALLTOKENVALUE`	2	.	value		call token value
`0xD3`	`CALLTOKENID`	2		tokenId		token id
`0xD4`	`ISCONTRACT`	20	address	isContract		判断一个地址是否为合约
`0xD5`	`FREEZE`	A10	resouceType, frozenBalance, receiverAddress	success		Freeze frozenBalance resource of resourceType to receiverAddress
`0xD6`	`UNFREEZE`	20000	resourceType, targetAddress	success		Unfreeze all resource of resourceType on targetAddress
`0xD7`	`FREEZEEXPIRETIME`	50	resourceType, targetAddress	expireTime		expireTime of resourceType on targetAddress
`0xD8`	`VOTEWITNESS`	A11	`amountArrayLength`, `amountArrayOffset`, `witnessArrayLength`, `witnessArrayOffset`	success		vote amount in amountArray for corresponding witness in witnessArray.
`0xD9`	WITHDRAWREWARD	20000	.	withdrawReward		withdrawReward
`0xDA`	FREEZEBALANCEV2	10000	resourceType, frozenBalance	success		freeze balance v2
`0xDB`	UNFREEZEBALANCEV2	10000	resouceType, unfreezeBalance	success		unfreeze balance v2
`0xDC`	CANCELALLUNFREEZEV2	10000	.	success		cancel all unfreeze V2 balance
`0xDD`	WITHDRAWEXPIREUNFREEZE	10000	.	`success`		Withdraw expired unfreeze balance
`0xDE`	DELEGATERESOURCE	10000	resouceType, delegateBalance, receiverAddress	`success`		Delegate resource
`0xDF`	UNDELEGATERESOURCE	10000	resourceType, unDelegateBalance, receiverAddress	`success`		Undelegate resource
`0xF0`	CREATE	A12	val, ost, len	.		create contract
`0xF1`	CALL	A9	callEnergy, addr, val, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen	`success`	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] := returndata	call codeAddress with value and argument.
`0xF2`	CALLCODE	A13	gas, addr, val, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen	success	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] = returndata	same as DELEGATECALL, but does not propagate original msg.sender and msg.value
`0xF3`	RETURN	A14	ost, len	.		halt execution and return mem[ost:ost+len-1]
`0xF4`	DELEGATECALL	A15	callEnergy, addr, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen	success	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] := returndata	delegate call
`0xF5`	CREATE2	A16	val, ost, len, salt	addr		addr = keccak256(0x41 ++ address(this) ++ salt ++ keccak256(mem[ost:ost+len-1]))[12:]
`0xFA`	STATICCALL	A15	gas, addr, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen	success	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen-1] := returndata
`0xFD`	REVERT	A14	ost, len	.		revert(mem[ost:ost+len-1])
`0xFF`	SUICIDE	A17	addr	.		halt execution and register account for later deletion

附录：能量消耗计算

A01: `memNeed(offset, size)`

计算操作所需的内存大小。

offset：内存中的起始位置。
size: 从 offset 开始需要处理的数据长度。
Return : offset + size

A02: `calcMemEnergy(oldMemorySIze, memorySize, copySize)`

计算内存操作消耗的能量。

oldMemorySize：操作前的内存大小。
memorySize: 操作后的新内存大小。
copySize : 如果操作涉及数据拷贝，copySize为拷贝的数据大小。
memWords = (memorySize + 31) / 32
oldMemWords = oldMemorySize / 32
energyCost = 3 * memWords + memWords^2 / 512 - (3 * oldMemWords + oldMemWords^2 / 512) + 3 *((copySize + 31) / 32)

A03: `penalty(energyCost)`

如果允许动态能量，则返回惩罚值 (penalty)。

DYNAMIC_ENERGY_FACTOR = 10000
Factor：合约上下文因子。
Penalty = energyCost * factor / DYNAMIC_ENERGY_FACTOR - energyCost
返回：penalty > 0 ? penalty : 0

A04: `isDeadAccount(address)`

判断一个地址是否为非合约的空账户。如果地址不是一个合约账户，返回 true，否则返回 false。

A05: `sizeInWords(len)`

计算长度 len 占用的字数（一个字为32字节）。

返回 len == 0 ? 0 : (len - 1) / 32 + 1

A1: EXP 能量消耗

byte_len_exponent: 指数 b 的字节长度。the number of bytes in the exponent (exponent is b in the stack representation)

计算:

energy_cost = 10 + 10 * byte_len_exponent

A2: SHA3-energyCost

energy_cost = 30 + [calcMemEnergy](#a02-calcmemenergyoldmemorysize-memorysize-copysize)(oldMemSize, [memNeed](#a01-memneedoffset-size)(ost, len), 0)

A3: *COPY 系列操作

The following applies for the operations CALLDATACOPY, CODECOPY, and RETURNDATACOPY (not EXTCODECOPY).

energy_cost = calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, memNeed(dstOst, len), len)

A4: EXTCODECOPY

energy_cost = 20 + calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, memNeed(dstOst, len), len)

A5: MLOAD, MSTORE

energy_cost = calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, memNeed(ost,32), 0)

A6: MSTORE8

energy_cost = calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, memNeed(ost,1), 0)

A7: SSTORE

oldValue: old value of storage[key]
energy_cost = (oldValue == null && val != 0) ? 20000 : (oldValue != null && value == 0) ? 5000 : 5000

A8: LOG0， LOG1 … LOG4

nTopics: number of topics
energyCost = 375 + 375 + 8 * len + calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, memNeed(ost,len), 0)

A9: CALLTOKEN, CALL

energyCost_1 = 40 + (val != 0 ? 9000 : 0) +

(value != 0 && isDeadAccount(addr) ? 25000 : 0) +

calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, max(memNeed(orgOst, orgLen), memNeed(retOst, retLen)), 0)

energyCost_2 = energeCost_1 + penalty(energyCost_1)
energyLimitLeft = energeLimit - energyCost_2
energyCost = energyCost_2 + min(callEnergy, energyLimitLeft)

A10: FREEZE

energyCost = 20000 + (isDeadAccount(receiverAddress) ? 25000 : 0)

A11: VOTEWITNESS

energyCost = 30000 + ALLOW_ENERGY_ADJUSTMENT ? calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, max(memNeed(amountArrayOffset, amountArrayLength), memNeed(witnessArrayOffset, witnessArrayLength)), 0) : calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, max(memNeed(amountArrayOffset, amountArrayLength _ 32 + 32), memNeed(witnessArrayOffset, witnessArrayLength _ 32 + 32)), 0)

A12: CREATE

energyCost = 32000 + calcMemEnergy(oldMemSIze, memNeed(ost, len), 0)

A13: CALLCODE

energyCost_1 = 40 + (val != 0 ? 9000 : 0) +

calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, max(memNeed(orgOst, orgLen), memNeed(retOst, retLen)), 0)

energyCost_2 = energeCost_1 + penalty(energyCost_1)
energyLimitLeft = energeLimit - energyCost_2
energyCost = energyCost_2 + min(callEnergy, energyLimitLeft)

A14: RETURN, REVERT

calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, memNeed(ost, len), 0)

A15: `DELEGATECALL`, `STATICCALLENERGY` 能量消耗

energyCost_1 = 40 + calcMemEnergy(oldMemSize, max(memNeed(orgOst, orgLen), memNeed(retOst, retLen)), 0)
energyCost_2 = energeCost_1 + penalty(energyCost_1)
energyLimitLeft = energeLimit - energyCost_2
energyCost = energyCost_2 + min(callEnergy, energyLimitLeft)

A16: `CREATE2` 能量消耗

energyCost = 32000 + calcMemEnergy(oldMemSIze, memNeed(ost, len), 0) + 6 * [sizeInWords](#a05-sizeinwordslen)(Len)

A17: `SUICIDE` 能量消耗

energyCost = ALLOW_ENERGY_ADJUSTMENT ? ( isDeadAccount(addr) ? 25000 : 0 ) : 0